{"id":2141,"date":"2024-08-07T14:46:03","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T11:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/?p=2141"},"modified":"2024-12-06T11:25:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T08:25:13","slug":"bisikletin-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/2024\/08\/07\/bisikletin-tarihi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bisikletin Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1302px;margin-left: calc(-5% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-5% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.375%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.375%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:2.375%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:2.375%;--awb-spacing-left-small:2.375%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Bisikletin icad\u0131 konusunda tarih\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda tam bir fikir birli\u011fi yoktur ve ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen tarihler tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bisiklet, tek bir mucit taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmemi\u015f, tarih i\u00e7erisindeki pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u00e7aban\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Britannica_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;ye ait oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen 1492 tarihli bir bisiklet karalamas\u0131n\u0131n 1960&#8217;larda\u00a0<i>Codex Atlanticus&#8217;<\/i>a eklenmi\u015f sahte bir \u00e7izim oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1790&#8217;larda icat edilen\u00a0<i>v\u00e9locif\u00e8re<\/i>\u00a0veya\u00a0<i>c\u00e9l\u00e9rif\u00e8re<\/i> isimli h\u0131zl\u0131 at arabas\u0131 arac\u0131, bisikletin atalar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilmez. Binicisi taraf\u0131ndan itme g\u00fcc\u00fc sa\u011flanan iki tekerlekli ve kan\u0131tlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmayan ilk ta\u015f\u0131t,\u00a0Alman\u00a0Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Britannica_9-3\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Drais, 1817 y\u0131l\u0131nda arac\u0131 14\u00a0km boyunca kulland\u0131 ve 1818 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Paris&#8217;te sergiledi. Von Drais, arac\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<i>Laufmaschine<\/i>\u00a0(ko\u015fu makinesi) olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tahtadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arac\u0131n sabit bir gidonu vard\u0131, fakat hareketi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in pedallar\u0131 yoktu. Binici, ayaklar\u0131 ile yerden g\u00fc\u00e7 al\u0131yor, bir denge tahtas\u0131 binicinin kollar\u0131n\u0131 destekliyordu. Zamanla bu isim yerine\u00a0<i>draisienne<\/i>\u00a0ve\u00a0<i>velosipede<\/i>\u00a0isimleri daha pop\u00fcler h\u00e2le geldi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Britannica_9-4\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Draisienne g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok dilde tren raylar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ray boyu kas g\u00fcc\u00fcyle hareket eden aletler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Von Drais arac\u0131n\u0131n patentini ald\u0131, ancak k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kopyalar\u0131\u00a0Avusturya,\u00a0Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k,\u00a0\u0130talya\u00a0ve\u00a0Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u00a0gibi pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede t\u00fcredi.<\/p>\n<p>Londral\u0131\u00a0Denis Johnson, von Drais&#8217;in ko\u015fu makinesinden bir adet sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere&#8217;de patentini alarak geli\u015ftirdi. 300 adet \u00fcretip &#8220;yaya at arabas\u0131&#8221; ad\u0131yla piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ara\u00e7, &#8220;hobi at\u0131&#8221; ad\u0131yla \u00fcnlendi. Karikat\u00fcristler, bu arac\u0131 &#8220;z\u00fcppe at\u0131&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor ve yoldan ge\u00e7enler, binicilerle alay ediyorlard\u0131.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Britannica_9-6\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Hobi at\u0131n\u0131n sadece d\u00fczg\u00fcn yollarda rahat\u00e7a kullan\u0131labilmesi, emniyet endi\u015felerini g\u00fcndeme getirdi ve ara\u00e7, alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Drais ve Johnson&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131, iki tekerlekli bisikletin hareket h\u00e2linde iken dengede kalabilece\u011fini ispatlasa da sonraki 40 y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fc\u00e7 ve d\u00f6rt tekerlekli bisikletler \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Britannica_9-7\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda seri bisiklet \u00fcretimi &#8220;Michaux Company&#8221; taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0\u015eirket, y\u0131lda y\u00fczk\u0131rk bisiklet \u00fcretiyordu. Bisikletin ilgi g\u00f6rmesi, d\u00f6nemin devletlerinin de dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. 1800&#8217;lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Fransa Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bisiklet \u00fcretimini destek vermi\u015f ve 1871&#8217;de imal edilen bisikletler,\u00a0Almanya\u00a0ile o zaman yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Trufaut, i\u00e7i bo\u015f\u00a0kau\u00e7uk lasti\u011fini\u00a0bulmu\u015f, bunu\u00a0\u0130sko\u00e7ya&#8217;da e\u015fit \u00e7apta\u00a0tekerlekleri\u00a0olan komple kadrolu, bilyal\u0131 ve mill\u00ee bisikletlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 takip etmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan da ortadan katlanan portatif bisikletler piyasaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130rlanda&#8217;da 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda haval\u0131\u00a0plastik\u00a0bisikletler piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durum bisiklet end\u00fcstrisini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bisiklet \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan malzemenin fiyat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetlerinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi nedeniyle halka inememi\u015ftir. 1800&#8217;lerin sonundan fabrikalar\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve seri \u00fcretimin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131yla maliyetlerde ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, bisikletin geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle\u00a0Bel\u00e7ika,\u00a0Fransa,\u00a0\u0130ngiltere,\u00a0\u0130talya\u00a0ve\u00a0\u0130spanya&#8217;daki bisiklet\u00a0fabrikalar\u0131, bisikletin bu \u00fclkelerde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na ve bisiklet sporunun geli\u015fmesine \u00f6nayak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda\u00a0Avrupa\u00a0\u00fclkeleri, bisikleti ordu s\u00fcratinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in asker\u00ee ama\u00e7la kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2944,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[80],"class_list":["post-2141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bisikletin-tarihi","tag-bisiklet-tarihi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2141"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2146,"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2141\/revisions\/2146"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thegidon.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}